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When Does UML Software Modeling Pay Off? A Contingency Model of Industrial Modeling Value

Kleinner Silva Farias De Oliveira · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.24884 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Russian

С появлением разработок, основанных на спецификациях (SDD), моделирование программного обеспечения вновь приобрело стратегическое значение в качестве способа перевода человеческих намерений, требований и решений по проектированию в точные спецификации, которые могут направлять как разработчиков, так и инструменты развития с помощью ИИ. Несмотря на обновленную актуальность моделирования в SDD, эмпирические доказательства остаются ограниченными, когда его преимущества превосходят социально-технические усилия, необходимые для создания, общения, синхронизации и поддержания программных моделей в промышленной практике. Это исследование исследует, когда программное обеспечение генерирует ценность в промышленной практике. Мы проанализировали 405 опросных ответов, собранных у практиков программного обеспечения. Вопросник объединил закры

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

With the emergence of specification-driven development (SDD), software modeling has regained strategic importance as a way to translate human intentions, requirements, and design decisions into precise specifications that can guide both developers and AI-assisted development tools. Despite the renewed relevance of modeling in SDD, empirical evidence remains limited on when its benefits outweigh the socio-technical effort required to create, communicate, synchronize, and maintain software models in industrial practice. This study investigates when software modeling generates value in industrial practice. We analyzed 405 survey responses collected from software practitioners. The questionnaire combined closed items concerning UML use, benefits, barriers, and improvement mechanisms with open-ended questions about current use, difficulties, and worthwhile contexts. Most respondents associated modeling with integration discussions (90 percent) and shared understanding (82 percent), but also reported time pressure (85 percent) and the effort required to create and maintain models (80 percent). Selective modeling, model-code synchronization, and collaborative support emerged as conditions that improve its viability, whereas only 24 percent reported daily UML use. Software modeling pays off when its expected contextual value exceeds the socio-technical friction required to create and sustain it. Its value is therefore contingent, not universal.

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Topics: Unified Modeling Language, Computer science, Software development, Software engineering, Software, Relevance (law)

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