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BrushOff: Stroke-Based Re-rendering as a Watermark Removal Attack on Painting

Hao Chen, Junnan Xu · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.26682 · open-access PDF

Indonesian

Tanda air yang tidak terlihat digunakan untuk menandai siapa yang memiliki lukisan. Kami menunjukkan bahwa serangan sederhana menghapus yang paling kuat yang kami uji. Serangan ini menggambar ulang lukisan watermark dengan pukulan sikat, menggunakan render berbasis stroke pra-latih. Kami menyebut serangan ini BrushOff. Ini tidak memerlukan pelatihan, tidak ada pengetahuan tentang watermark, dan tidak ada model generatif. Kami menguji empat watermark pada 500 lukisan dari lima gaya. VINE, sebuah watermark baru-baru ini dibangun untuk bertahan dari pengeditan gambar, bertahan dari semua 14 distorsi konvensional yang kami uji, dengan deteksi setidaknya 97,8%. Repainting menurunkan deteksi hingga 1,8%, sementara output tetap

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Invisible watermarks are used to mark who owns a painting. We show that a simple attack removes the most robust one we test. The attack redraws the watermarked painting with brush strokes, using a pretrained stroke-based renderer. We call this attack BrushOff. It needs no training, no knowledge of the watermark, and no generative model. We test four watermarks on 500 paintings from five styles. VINE, a recent watermark built to survive image editing, survives all 14 conventional distortions we test, with at least 97.8% detection. Repainting lowers its detection to 1.8%, while the output keeps

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