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Training with ML-labeled Data via Stochastic First- and Zeroth-Order Optimization

Maria-Eleni Sfyraki, Jun-Kun Wang · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.26790 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Korean

기계 학습 (ML) 모델을 훈련하는 것은 일반적으로 기본 진리 라벨을 사용하여 예제 세트를 미리 요구하는 최적화 프로세스입니다. 이러한 기본 진리를 얻는 것은 일반적으로 노동적 인 노력을 필요로하며 비용이 많이 들 수 있습니다. 인간 라벨링의 확장성은 라벨링해야 할 많은 데이터 포인트가있을 때 우려가됩니다. 이 실용적인 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 샘플의 하위 세트가 기본 진리 라벨을 가지고있는 최적화 설정을 고려하고, 나머지 데이터 포인트는 ML 예측자에 의해 라벨링되었으며, 이는 잠재적으로 그 포인트에 잘못된 라벨을 할당할 수 있습니다. 우리는 진리 라벨 및 ML 라벨을 가진 샘플의 혼합으로 구성된 데이터 세트에 대한 교육을위한

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Training a machine learning (ML) model is an optimization process that typically requires a set of examples with ground-truth labels beforehand. Obtaining these ground truths usually requires laborious human effort and can be costly. The scalability of human labeling becomes a concern when there are a large number of data points that need to be labeled. To address this practical issue, we consider an optimization setting where a subset of samples has ground-truth labels, while the remaining data points were labeled by an ML predictor, which could potentially assign incorrect labels to those points. We propose both first-order and zeroth-order stochastic optimization methods for training on datasets consisting of a mix of true-labeled and ML-labeled samples. We further conduct comprehensive empirical studies from training a linear regression model to fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for training with ML-labeled data.

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Topics: Computer science, Machine learning, Training set, Training (meteorology), Process (computing), Set (abstract data type)

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