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Orchestrating Key Scarcity: Global Capacity Allocation in Hybrid QKD-PQC Networks

Pablo P. Rejo, Manuel Fernández‐Veiga, Ana Fernández Vilas, Diego Cajaraville-Aboy, Javier Vecino-Peñas, Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.27332 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Japanese

この記事では、Distributed Key Management System (DKMS) を紹介し、ネットワーク上のアプリケーションに量子安全なシンメトリック暗号化キーを提供します。 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) に固有の距離および速度制限を克服するために、アーキテクチャはハイブリッドデザインを採用します:それは物理的な鍵の輸送のために複数のホップ信頼されたリレーを使用し、エンド-トップのネットワークの暗号化(PQC) レイヤーを適用しながら、転送された鍵材料が中間ノードから厳しく保護されていることを保証します。 QKD はキー生成を希少な物理資源に変換するため、予測不可能なアプリケーションを管理すると、重要な容量配分問題が発生します。

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

This article presents a Distributed Key Management System (DKMS) that provisions quantum-safe symmetric encryption keys to applications across a network. To overcome the distance and rate limitations inherent to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), the architecture adopts a hybrid design: it utilizes multi-hop trusted relays for physical key transport, while applying an end-to-end Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) layer to ensure the relayed key material remains strictly protected from intermediate nodes. Because QKD transforms key generation into a scarce physical resource, managing unpredictable application demands poses a critical capacity allocation problem. The core contribution of this work is an SDN-driven control plane that globally orchestrates the network. Rather than relying on vulnerable hop-by-hop capacity reservations, a central controller simultaneously computes optimal filling rates and multipath routing for all per-peer key buffers. This global orchestration ensures that no application is starved and that all key buffers synchronize their filling processes. Evaluated on a Kubernetes-based digital twin across five distinct network topologies, the controller successfully filled all key buffers to capacity in under six minutes. Furthermore, under deliberately excessive demand, the network demonstrated graceful degradation, safely rejecting excess requests through controlled rate-limiting rather than experiencing catastrophic failure.

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Topics: Key (lock), Computer science, Computer network, Quantum key distribution, Physical layer, Key management

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