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Knowledge as Code

Martin Monperrus · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.27693 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Spanish

Durante milenios, el conocimiento ha sido llevado por el lenguaje, y los grandes modelos lingüísticos todavía ponen el lenguaje en el centro. Sin embargo, los agentes de codificación construidos sobre estos modelos suelen escribir código. Este documento es una contribución a la epistemología, que pregunta qué tipo de código de conocimiento es y cómo se obtiene. Definimos el conocimiento como código como conocimiento escrito en un lenguaje de programación o en un formato de datos legible por máquina, cuya validez se puede comprobar ejecutándolo. Definimos trece propiedades epistemológicas de los medios de conocimiento y mostramos que el código es el primer medio para tener todos ellos. Distinguimos dos maneras en que el conocimiento entra en el código, codificación y aprendizaje por ejecución, donde el código es tanto el registro de su resultado. Los agentes hacen el aprendizaje por ejecución observ

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

For millennia, knowledge has been carried by language, and large language models still put language at the center. Yet the coding agents built on these models mostly write code. This paper is a contribution to epistemology, which asks what kind of knowledge code is and how it is obtained. We define knowledge as code as knowledge written in a programming language or in a machine-parsable data format, whose validity can be checked by executing it. We define thirteen epistemic properties of knowledge media and show that code is the first medium to have all of them. We distinguish two ways in which knowledge enters code, encoding and learning by execution, where code is both the experiment and the record of its result. Agents make learning by execution observable, since their trajectories record every probe, observation and line of code they keep. Code is thus not only a tool of knowledge work but a knowledge medium in its own right, the first that can check what it holds.

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Topics: Computer science, Code (set theory), Programming language, Coding (social sciences), Knowledge-based systems, Knowledge extraction

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