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Auditing Conformal Prediction for Language Models Under Inference-Time Model Shift

Achref Doula, Max Mühlhäuser · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.28937 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Arabic

يتم تقييم التقييم المنطقي (CP) للمعدات اللغوية بشكل عادي بموجب بروتوكول متكامل، حيث يستخدم التقييم المنطقي والتنفيذ نفس إعدادات التقييم بعد التدريب، مثل وضع التقييم المنطقي والمعدل التقييم. في التقييم، فإن هذه الخيارات غالبا ما تختلف عن تلك التي تستخدم في التقييم لتلبية التقييم المنطقي أو التقييم المنطقي أو السياسات التي تستخدم. ونحن نقول إن هذا يعطي حدًا في بروتوكول التقييم المنطقي لـ CP الحالي لأسطوانات اللغات. ونحن نقوم بتقييم الظاهرة الأساسية كبديل نموذج التقييم المنطقي: تغيير في توزيع النقاط المنطقية التي تؤدي إلى التقييم المن

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Conformal prediction (CP) for language models is typically evaluated under a matched protocol, in which calibration and deployment use the same post-training inference configuration, such as quantization mode and inference temperature. In deployment, these choices often differ from those used at calibration to meet memory or throughput constraints or serving policies. We argue that this exposes a limitation in current CP evaluation protocols for language models. We formalize the underlying phenomenon as inference-time model shift: a change in the conformal score distribution induced by inference configuration rather than by the input--label distribution, and theoretically characterize how it breaks split-conformal exchangeability even when the task distribution and trained model are unchanged. We then evaluate its consequences across 8 language models, 4 finite-label benchmarks, and 12 inference configurations. We find that matched evaluation can substantially overstate deployment-time coverage, and that the effect is heterogeneous across models and datasets. We argue that inference configuration should be reported as a first-class experimental axis in CP evaluations for language-model systems.

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Topics: Inference, Computer science, Fiducial inference, Artificial intelligence, Software deployment, Language model

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