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Learning to Reason Like a Cytopathologist:Clinically Grounded Multiscale Evidential Learning for Cervical Cytology

Ajeet Kumar Singh, Nehal Mishra, Anurag Tripathi, Santanu Chaudhury, Dorien Herremans · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.29665 · open-access PDF

Portuguese

A citologia do colo do útero apresenta uma paisagem de diagnóstico fundamentalmente ambígua, onde categorias equivocadas como as células esquamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US) ocupam uma zona cinza morfológica que é definição. Para apoio à decisão clínica, o objetivo se estende além de atribuir uma etiqueta definitiva a cada amostra: casos também devem ser distinguidos por se a evidência disponível apoia uma decisão confiante ou justifica uma consideração mais aprofundada, uma distinção modelos de classificação convencionais não são projetados para representar explicitamente.

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Cervical cytology presents a fundamentally ambiguous diagnostic landscape, where equivocal categories such as Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) occupy a morphological grey zone that is definitional. For clinical decision support, the goal extends beyond assigning a definitive label to every sample: cases must also be distinguished by whether the available evidence supports a confident decision or warrants further consideration, a distinction conventional classification models are not designed to explicitly represent. We propose a multiscale evidential framework that

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