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Validating Autoformalized Specifications via Contrapuntal Languages

Yihan Dai, Xuanlin Liu, Haoxiang Jia, Tianchi Li, Xin Zhang, Sergey Mechtaev · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30059 · open-access PDF

Portuguese

As especificações formais podem tornar o código gerado pela IA mecanicamente verificável. Uma vez que a intenção do usuário é tipicamente expressa em linguagem natural em vez de lógica formal, as especificações devem primeiro ser derivadas dela, por exemplo, através de autoformalização baseada em LLM. No entanto, as especificações autoformalizadas são elas mesmas não confiáveis, por isso um desafio fundamental é validar se capturam a intenção do usuário sem depender de um oráculo caro, como uma revisão humana.

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Formal specifications can make AI-generated code mechanically checkable. Because user intent is typically expressed in natural language rather than formal logic, specifications must first be derived from it, e.g., via LLM-based autoformalization. Yet autoformalized specifications are themselves untrusted, so a key challenge is validating whether they capture user intent without relying on a costly oracle such as human review. In this oracle-free setting, a natural strategy is to vote among model outputs, but because model errors are often correlated, agreement among outputs may reflect shared

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