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Not Where You Think: Protecting Location Privacy Against Reasoning-Based Geolocation

Shanghao Shi, Jian Xiao, Hao Li, Yuanhaur Chang, Yevgeniy Vorobeychik, Nathan Jacobs, Neal Patwari, Ning Zhang · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30439 · open-access PDF

Japanese

最近の大規模な推論モデルは、通常の写真が視覚情報のみを使用して撮影された場所を推測することができ、メタデータと明らかな地理識別子が削除された場合でも深刻な位置プライバシーリスクを引き起こします。このような細かい地理識別子の背後にあるメカニズムを理解するために、我々はGeoTraceを開発し、モデルがどのように位置に関連する視覚的なヒントを抽出し、粗末から細かい地理的推論を通じてそれらを構成するかを明らかにする構造化された推論攻撃です。我々は、自然、都市、住宅、および人間中心のシーンをカバーする525の普通の画像の世界的なベンチマークでGeoTraceを評価し、

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Recent large reasoning models can infer where ordinary photos were taken using only visual information, creating a serious location privacy risk even when metadata and obvious geographic identifiers are removed. To understand the mechanism behind such fine-grained localization, we develop GeoTrace, a structured reasoning attack that exposes how models extract location-relevant visual clues and compose them through coarse-to-fine geographic reasoning. We evaluate GeoTrace on a worldwide benchmark of 525 ordinary images spanning natural, urban, residential, and human-centered scenes while exclud

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