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Mitigating Reward Hacking in Preference Reward Models with Evolving Penalties

Afonso Baldo, António Farinhas, Marcos Treviso, Ricardo Rei, Nuno M. Guerreiro · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.26496 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Reinforcement learning for language models has moved from preference reward models to verifiable rewards, which sustain much longer optimization. Preference models are prone to reward hacking: the policy raises their score without improving response quality, or even while degrading it. Yet for open-ended tasks, where quality can neither be verified nor fully written down as rubrics, they remain valuable. We introduce Dynalize, which mitigates reward hacking online, during policy training. Periodically and asynchronously, a language model analyzes training rollouts and writes penalties for unde

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