Training the Whole Agent, Not Just the Model

Lingxiao Tang, Wei Tao, Yiwen Guo, Lingfeng Bao · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.28069 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Training coding agents typically updates the policy while keeping the harness fixed. During training, trajectories reveal flawed repair strategies and interaction problems that vary across tasks and change as the policy learns. We introduce HarnessAdapt-RL, which trains the policy and adapts its harness during reinforcement learning. For flawed repair strategies, a frozen teacher generates task-specific mechanism-level skills. For interaction problems recurring across tasks, a separate teacher model evolves tools and hooks, keeping each change only if it improves the observed pass rate or the

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