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Local Work, Global Progress: A Convergence Theory of AI Agent Collaboration

Ivan Ilin, Peter Richtárik · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.28286 · open-access PDF

German

Teams von Big Language Model (LLM) Agenten werden zunehmend auf komplexe Aufgaben angewendet, aber ihre Kollaborationsprotokolle werden hauptsächlich empirisch entworfen, ohne Konvergenzgarantien. Wir formalisieren die kollaborative Problemlösung als Blockoptimierung: Jeder Agent verbessert einen Teil einer gemeinsamen Lösung, geleitet von seinem lokalen Ziel plus eine Korrektur dafür, wie seine Änderungen die anderen Teile beeinflussen. Ein Koordinator überprüft jeden Vorschlag gegen das globale Ziel und fusioniert Vorschläge, die nicht miteinander interferieren.

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Teams of large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly applied to complex tasks, but their collaboration protocols are mostly designed empirically, without convergence guarantees. We formalize collaborative problem solving as block optimization: each agent improves one part of a shared solution, guided by its local objective plus a correction for how its changes affect the other parts. A coordinator checks every proposal against the global objective and merges proposals that do not interfere with each other. We prove linear convergence up to an error floor that vanishes when the correctio

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