SPAR: Search-trained Push Action Ranker for Efficient Navigation Among Movable Obstacles

Dhruv Metha Ramesh, Tri-An Nguyen, Junshan Huang, Jingjin Yu, Kostas E. Bekris, Abdeslam Boularias · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.28362 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO) requires a robot to rearrange objects that block access to its goal. For a pushing robot, progress may depend on a setup push that enables a later opening without itself clearing a passage. The number of candidate sequences can grow exponentially with sequence length, making physics-based search costly. We introduce the Search-trained Push Action Ranker (SPAR), which learns to prioritize push primitives from simulated search outcomes. Searches over sequences of up to two pushes per object provide supervision that distinguishes immediate openings from s

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