Asymmetric Looped Transformers: Fixed Global Representations for an Iterative Decoder

Cheng Liang, Tengfei Zhang, Wenjie DU, Jianyu Wu, Changlian Ma, Shuchen Pu, Ya Zhang, Yanfeng Wang · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.28489 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Looped Transformers increase effective depth by repeatedly applying shared layers, offering a way to scale computation without increasing parameter count. However, full-stack looping places context construction and iterative state refinement within the same recurrent computation, without explicitly distinguishing their roles. We introduce the Asymmetric Looped Transformer (AsymLoop), which separates single-pass context encoding from recurrent state refinement. A single-pass causal encoder produces layer-specific Global key-value (KV) caches that remain fixed across iterations, while a weight-t

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