Hassan Khodaiemehr, Khadijeh Bagheri, Chen Feng · 2026 · arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.29230 · open-access PDF
A quantum computer could recover the key of any Ethereum account whose public key appears on chain. We prove that no sidechain or bridge that leaves Ethereum's rules unchanged can protect such accounts: their funds must move into a contract whose release condition relies only on quantum-safe primitives. We design \emph{PQ-Vault}, a custody system for unmodified Ethereum combining this vault, a quantum-safe proof-of-stake sidechain whose checkpoints carry compact certificates, and an optimistic dispute protocol. We give the first security proof of compact certificates against quantum attackers
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