Fabian Kilger, Leonard Auer, Manuel Andreas · 2026 · arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.29566 · open-access PDF
Malicious actors frequently obfuscate their code to hinder investigative reverse engineering efforts. Among the most formidable techniques is virtual machine (VM) obfuscation: programs are translated into bytecode for a custom VM, often with a randomized virtual instruction set and distributed alongside a corresponding interpreter. Manual analysis and deobfuscation scale poorly due to the complexity of VM obfuscation and the diversification techniques that render each VM and interpreter unique. Existing methods primarily focus on simplifying execution traces and identifying virtual execution b
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