Multimodal Embodied Agents: A Unified Capability-centric Perspective from Computer-Use to Robot-Use

Yanzhe Chen, Ziyi Yang, Jifeng Zhu, Qiming Huang, Ruihe An, Peiyao Xu, Hesen Yang, Runda Liu · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30108 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Multimodal agents (MMAs) sustain interaction through reasoning, memory, tools, and feedback, most visibly as computer-use agents, while robotic systems (RSs) couple sensing and actuation under physical dynamics. We define multimodal embodied agents (MMEAs) as goal-directed systems that couple multimodal task reasoning with physical action and revise decisions from the resulting feedback. This raises a central question: what changes when a multimodal agent moves from computer-use to robot-use? We introduce PAPAV, a unified capability-centric framework of five recurring functions: Perceive the c

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