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Data-Void Exploits in Web-Searching LLMs

Michele Guerra, Wuyeh Jobe, Sanjana Nambiar, Christina Pöpper, Azza Abouzied · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30365 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Web-searching Large Language Models (LLMs) have changed how users seek online information: instead of sifting through ranked lists of links, users read synthesized answers. This shift creates a new LLM vulnerability: a data-void exploit. Disinformers publish their narratives in search spaces where relevant and reliable content is scarce, i.e. data voids, then rely on the LLM's web-search to retrieve and then use, cite, or list those pages in its responses to data-void seeking prompts. Unlike classical search, where users see ranking cues and competing results, LLMs can obscure when an answer r

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