Can Loan Processors and Underwriters Spot AI-Edited Statements? An Empirical Study

Simiao Ren, Xingyu Shen, Tommy Duong, Ankit Raj · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30758 · open-access PDF

Abstract

AI-assisted editing can produce loan documents that preserve familiar issuer layouts while changing the applicant's identity. We investigated whether experienced underwriters and loan processors identify such forgeries in first-pass, document-only review. Three practitioners recruited through Upwork each received one applicant package drawn from 134 forged PDFs derived from 47 genuine financial documents supplied with full consent. The edits preserved amounts, dates and balances; identifier inconsistencies introduced by the pipeline were knowingly retained before distribution. Reviewers were n

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