Major Revision, Minor Accountability: LLMs as Reviewers of Published Articles in Top-Tier Journals

Bastien Le Guellec, Su Hwan Kim, Raphael Bentegeac, Aghiles Hamroun · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.31414 · open-access PDF

Abstract

With the growth of scientific output, the peer review system is approaching a breaking point: reviewers are increasingly hard to secure, and turnaround times lengthen accordingly. LLM-assisted or LLM-generated peer review has been proposed as a remedy, but how such models would treat manuscripts already published in top-tier journals, the closest thing the current system has to a gold standard of scientific validity, is not known. Here we assembled a corpus of 200 articles, each released under a CC BY 4.0 license and published in 2026, from 20 general-science, life-science, and clinical-medici

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