Newest papers

Training Small Language Models for Transferable Tool Selection

Zhaoyi Zhou, Akshayaa Magesh, Jeongyeol Kwon, Artem Kuriksha, Daniel Jiang, Andrea Zanette, Ayush Jain · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.31483 · open-access PDF

Abstract

As LLM agents operate over corpora of more than ten thousand tools, selecting the right tool for a complex multi-step user instruction becomes a central bottleneck. Tool descriptions cannot all fit in context, and relevance-based retrievers only rank tools without knowing which are actually needed. Recent work instead leverages proprietary commercial LLMs like Claude or ChatGPT to drive a retriever, decomposing the instruction and selecting over retrieved candidates. We show that a small, open model can be trained via reinforcement learning to perform the same functionality. On ToolBench, a Qw

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