Guodong Zheng, Yan Sun, Peng Wang, Enneng Yang, Jiafei Lyu, Xiaochun Cao, Dacheng Tao, Li Shen · 2026 · arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.31551 · open-access PDF
Understanding catastrophic forgetting, in which learning new tasks degrades performance on previously learned tasks, remains a fundamental challenge in continual learning (CL). Existing theoretical analyses often rely on specific model or task structures and offer limited insight into how iterative optimization affects forgetting. To address this gap, we develop an algorithmic stability framework for expected population forgetting under SGD without prescribing a particular model architecture. Specifically, we decompose forgetting into intra-task and cross-task generalization gaps and empirical
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