Better Specifications, Better Code: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Behavioral Contract Generation

Brhane Team, Tiantian Yang, Nikta Akbarpour, Simone Bartucci, Francesco Calimeri, Song Wang · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.25616 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong code-generation capabilities but often struggle with functional correctness due to implicit or ambiguous behavioral requirements. We present CG2, a contract-guided code generation framework that translates natural-language tasks into structured behavioral contracts specifying interfaces, preconditions, postconditions, and invariants. CG2 fine-tunes an LLM to generate these contracts and introduces an iterative semantic validation and repair process to identify and correct incomplete, inconsistent, or incorrect specifications before guiding an unc

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