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Who Gains When the Umpire Is a Machine? Evidence from the Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS)

Seung Jin Cho, Jun Yeong Lee · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.27576 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

German

Im Jahr 2024 wurde die Korea Baseball Organisation die erste Top-Liga, die die Heimplatte mit einem automatisierten System ersetzt. Mit über einer Million Pits von 2021 bis 2026 trennten wir die Veränderung in die Entfernung der menschlichen Diskretion und die Einführung einer neuen Zone-Geometrie. Die Maschine eliminierte zählabhängige Anrufe, den Wert des Catcher-Framing und einen kleinen Vorteil für Sternenschläge, die nur ein paar Läufe pro Spieler-Saison wert sind. Weil die Maschinen Zone-Skala mit Höhe und behandelt jedes Matchup gleichermaßen, verteilte es Schläge auf hohe Pits und über Matchups, aber wenige Pits sind diesen Veränderungen ausgesetzt, und ihre Auswirkungen auf Platten-Aussehen Ergebnisse sind genau geschätzt und nahe an Null

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

In 2024 the Korea Baseball Organization became the first top-tier league to replace the home-plate umpires ball-strike judgment with an automated system. Using over a million pitches from 2021 to 2026, we separate the change into the removal of human discretion and the imposition of a new zone geometry. The machine eliminated count-dependent calls, the value of catcher framing and a small advantage for star batters, rents worth only a few runs per player-season. Because the machines zone scales with height and treats every matchup alike, it redistributed strikes toward tall batters and across matchups, but few pitches are exposed to these changes, and their effects on plate-appearance outcomes are precisely estimated and close to zero. Pitchers re-optimized quickly by throwing higher, with left-handers catching up to an existing trend, whereas we find no evidence that batters adjusted. The results suggest that the incidence of replacing human judgment with a rule depends on its geometry and on exposure.

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Topics: League, Economics, Discretion, Computer science, Throwing, Boom

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