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Auditing the Product, Not the Recursion: The Evaluation Evidence Behind Recursive Self-Improvement Claims

Zihan Chen, Di Zhu, Lei Nico Zheng · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.27610 · open-access PDF

Chinese

重复性自我改进(RSI)承诺AI系统,如自我演变的LLM代理,在生产进一步改进方面变得更好。评估这一承诺需要将最终系统的产品声明与有关改进过程的过程声明分开。现有调查规定了这些声明所需的证据,但研究报告的频率是多少?我们通过在2026年10月冻结的可重复的arXiv搜索框架中对114项符合条件的研究进行全文编码审查,其中包括90项将自己的系统描述为RSI。

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Recursive self-improvement (RSI) promises AI systems, such as self-evolving LLM agents, that become better at producing further improvements. Evaluating this promise requires separating product claims about the final system from process claims about the improvement process itself. Existing surveys specify the evidence these claims require, but how often studies report that evidence remains unmeasured. We examine this question through full-text coding of 114 eligible studies in a reproducible arXiv search frame frozen in October 2026, including 90 that describe their own systems as RSI. The cod

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