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When Do LLMs Help with Feature Selection? A Systematic Empirical Study

Fateme Memar, Dongjie Wang, Arvin Agah · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.28556 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) can leverage semantic feature names alongside summary statistics for tabular feature selection, yet it remains unclear when such information improves subset selection relative to established statistical methods. We investigate this question within an 18-dataset framework comprising 10 datasets for Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) training, 2 for checkpoint validation, and 6 held-out evaluation datasets. We compare five classical baselines, frozen Qwen2.5-7B and Llama-3.3-70B selectors, and two GRPO-adapted Qwen2.5-7B models, reporting classification ROC-AU

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