Newest papers

Continuous-Time Policy Gradient from Discrete Data: Convergence Analysis and Model-Free Algorithms

Martin Hernandez, Xinyan Qing, Mo Zhou, Yuhua Zhu · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.28580 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Hindi

Continuous-time amplification data learning seeks an optimal policy under unknown dynamics driven by stochastic differential equations using observations collected at discrete times. We develop a policy gradient framework that combines rigorous convergence analysis with learning from discrete data. We first establish a performance difference lemma and derive policy gradient formulas for randomized and parametrized policies. We then prove exponential convergence of an entropy-regularized policy flow to the regularized optimum. For discrete parametrized updates, we derive a convergence bond that explicitly separates the contributions of critical error, policy-regression error, and the learning step size. To enable learning under unknown dynamics, we integrate this framework with PhiBE, which builds a continuous-time surrogate generator

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Continuous-time reinforcement learning seeks an optimal policy under unknown dynamics driven by stochastic differential equations using observations collected at discrete times. We develop a policy gradient framework that combines rigorous convergence analysis with learning from discrete data. We first establish a performance difference lemma and derive policy gradient formulas for randomized and parametrized policies. We then prove exponential convergence of an entropy-regularized policy flow to the regularized optimum. For discrete parametrized updates, we derive a convergence bound that explicitly separates the contributions of critic error, policy-regression error, and the learning step size. To enable learning under unknown dynamics, we integrate this framework with PhiBE, which constructs a continuous-time surrogate generator from discrete transition data. The resulting on-policy and off-policy model-free actor-critic algorithms preserve the continuous-time structure of the control problem. Numerical experiments on an entropy-regularized linear-quadratic regulator and a nonlinear wheeled robot demonstrate the performance and stability of the proposed methods with both known and data-driven dynamics.

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Topics: Convergence (economics), Reinforcement learning, Mathematics, Lemma (botany), Stability (learning theory), Discrete time and continuous time

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