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Where Should a Stuck Agent Spend Its Next Tokens? Causal Attribution of Inference-Time Resources

Saiyue Lyu, Jerrold Huang, Yunbei Zhang, Janet Wang, Zhenting Wang, Yingqiang Ge, Haibo Zhang · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.28834 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Russian

Введение Banzhaf Resource Attribution (BRA), контролируемая факторная рамка, которая измеряет маргинальный вклад каждого ресурса в ремонт и его взаимодействия при сохранении неудачного состояния и протокола пересмотра фиксированного. Мы оцениваем шесть моделей на 194 сбоях на уровне функций от MBPP+ и HumanEval+ и 126 сбоев на уровне хранилища от SWE-bench Verified. Спецификации, относящиеся к задачам, последовательно улучшают ремонт, в то время как обратная связь от общественного тестирования обеспечивает небольшие выгоды и восстановленный код почти ни на одном. Значение дополнительного вычисления снижается с возможностью моделирования, в то время как информация остается полезным ресурсом; ресурсные каналы в значительной степени демонстрируют уменьшающие

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Inference-time scaling is often treated as a token-budget problem, but a failed coding agent can seek qualitatively different resources: computation, information, or feedback. We introduce Banzhaf Resource Attribution (BRA), a controlled factorial framework that measures each resource's marginal contribution to repair and its interactions while holding the failed state and revision protocol fixed. We evaluate six models on 194 function-level failures from MBPP+ and HumanEval+ and 126 repository-level failures from SWE-bench Verified. Task-relevant specifications consistently improve repair, whereas public-test feedback provides small gains and retrieved code little to none. The value of additional computation declines with model capability, while information remains useful; resource channels largely exhibit diminishing returns, although complementary information can reinforce itself. Yet three of four frontier models select feedback in 95-100% of cases and obtain lower gains than uniform random resource selection. BRA thus exposes a gap between the resources agents prefer and those that measurably improve repair.

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Topics: Attribution, Computer science, Coding (social sciences), Resource (disambiguation), Protocol (science), Marginal value

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