Robust Soft Skill Adaptation via Behavioral Localization in Tool-Using Agents

Zijian Jiang, Xilu Wang · 2026 · arXiv

DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2610.30041 · open-access PDF

Abstract

Text skills can extend the capabilities of tool-using agents, but long skill descriptions increase computational costs. Soft prompts provide a compact alternative, yet learning from entire successful trajectories may also introduce unnecessary behavioral changes. We find that the useful effect of a text skill is highly concentrated in a small subset of trajectory positions. Based on this observation, we propose Behavioral Localization, which compares the frozen agent with and without the text skill to identify positions where the skill both increases the likelihood of successful tokens and mea

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