Newest papers

Spectrum of Liability: Forensically Sound Acquisition of Wireless Evidence for the Reconstruction of Maritime Cyber-Physical Incidents

Giacomo Longo, Alessandro Cantelli‐Forti, Alessio Merlo, Enrico Russo · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.25411 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Spanish

La navegación de verificación marítima moderna depende de las entradas inalámbricas obligatorias, en particular GNSS y AIS, cuya recepción puede ser falsificada o bloqueada. Cuando se producen aterrizajes o colisiones, las investigaciones de responsabilidad y seguridad a menudo se vuelven sobre si las interferencias de RF corrompen los instrumentos de puente, sin embargo los artefactos típicamente disponibles (salidas de VDR, registros de IBS, capturas de pantalla, mensajes descodificados) son descendentes, perdidos y fáciles de competir en los procedimientos adversarios. Introducimos una metodología de adquisición forense de sonido que preserva la evidencia inalámbrica de arriba, junto con el contexto contemporáneo mínimo necesario para interpretarlo. Nuestros registros del sistema son coherentes,

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Modern maritime navigation depends on mandatory wireless inputs, most notably GNSS and AIS, whose reception can be spoofed or jammed. When groundings or collisions occur, liability and safety investigations often turn on whether RF interference corrupted bridge instruments, yet the artifacts typically available (VDR outputs, IBS logs, screenshots, decoded messages) are downstream, lossy, and easy to contest in adversarial proceedings. We introduce a forensically sound acquisition methodology that preserves upstream wireless evidence together with the minimal contemporaneous context needed to interpret it. Our system records coherent, multichannel IQ across relevant bands while simultaneously collecting time-aligned receiver and instrument-state metadata (e.g., decoded AIS/GNSS outputs and NMEA sentences), enabling later re-decoding and physical-layer reanalysis tied to what the onboard stack indicated at the time. To make the record independently auditable, we package samples and metadata into a single append-only forensic envelope that cryptographically binds per-stream hash chains with trusted-time anchors and periodic checkpoints, allowing third parties to detect tampering (modification, truncation, splicing, cross-case substitution) and to verify the claimed recording window. A prototype implementation shows the approach is practical: integrity mechanisms add negligible storage overhead and modest compute cost at operationally relevant multiband capture rates.

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Topics: Computer science, Context (archaeology), Wireless, Metadata, Real-time computing, GNSS applications

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