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Who Leads and Who Collects: Algorithmic Collusion in Markets of Heterogeneous Language Models

Jun Yeong Lee · 2026 · SSRN Electronic Journal

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7579998 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Spanish

La evidencia de que los algoritmos de precios coinciden proviene de mercados en los que cada vendedor ejecuta el mismo algoritmo. Nos preguntamos qué sucede cuando no lo hacen. Cuatro modelos de idiomas de cuatro proveedores, cada uno en su nivel más barato, precio en un mercado logit Bertrand de cuatro firmas sin comunicación, en cada compuesto homogéneo, dos por dos y completamente mixto (11 células, 20 runs, 200 períodos). La colusión es una propiedad del modelo: los mercados Claude y Gemini alcanzan el 72 a 79 por ciento del alquiler de monopolio, DeepSeek los mercados 24 por ciento, y GPT los mercados ninguno, aunque los precios de GPT se desplazan por encima del nivel de monopolio en lugar de

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Evidence that pricing algorithms collude comes from markets in which every seller runs the same algorithm. We ask what happens when they do not. Four language models from four providers, each at its cheapest tier, price in a four-firm logit Bertrand market without communication, in every homogeneous, two-by-two and fully mixed composi- tion (11 cells, 20 runs, 200 periods). Collusion is a property of the model: Claude and Gemini markets reach 72 to 79 percent of the monopoly rent, DeepSeek markets 24 percent, and GPT markets none, though GPT prices drift above the monopoly level rather than to

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Topics: Collusion, Monopoly, Homogeneous, Economics, Microeconomics, Transitive relation

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