Newest papers

The Myth of Restrictive Working-Time Agreements: Firms' Working-Time Adjustment after Exit from Collective Bargaining

Vinzenz Pyka, André Rieder · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.12049 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Indonesian

Pengusaha di Jerman berpendapat bahwa perjanjian kolektif membatasi fleksibilitas mereka sehubungan dengan jam kerja. Menggunakan data dari IAB Establishment Panel untuk tahun 2008 hingga 2024, kami menyelidiki penyesuaian waktu kerja setelah keluar dari negosiasi kolektif. Kami menemukan bahwa keluar hanya dikaitkan dengan peningkatan moderat jam kerja mingguan sekitar 0,3 hingga 0,6 persen menggunakan model efek tetap dan studi peristiwa, yang sesuai dengan delapan sampai tiga belas menit tambahan per minggu. Penyesuaian ini terjadi tidak lama setelah meninggalkan cakupan negosiasi kolektif. Kami juga tidak menemukan bukti bahwa margin penyesuaian waktu kerja lainnya, seperti Sabtu atau Minggu, digunakan lebih luas setelah keluar. Berbeda dengan bukti survei sebelumnya, temuan kami mengajukan pertanyaan bahwa pembatasan jam kerja adalah salah satu pendorong utama keluar dari cakupan negosiasi kolektif.

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

Employers in Germany argue that collective agreements restrict their flexibility concerning working hours. Using data from the IAB Establishment Panel for the years 2008 to 2024, we investigate working-time adjustments after exit from collective bargaining. We find that exit is associated with only a modest increase in weekly working hours of around 0.3 to 0.6 per cent using fixed-effects and event-study models, corresponding to eight to thirteen additional minutes per week. This adjustment occurs shortly after leaving collective bargaining coverage. We further find no evidence that other margins of working-time adjustment, such as Saturday or Sunday work, are used more extensively after exit. In contrast to previous survey evidence, our findings call into question that working-hours constraints are one of the main drivers of exit from collective bargaining coverage.

Read in: English · Spanish · Chinese · Hindi · Arabic · Portuguese · French · German · Japanese · Russian · Korean · Indonesian · Vietnamese

Topics: Collective bargaining, Economics, Flexibility (engineering), Labour economics, Collective action, Panel data

Sources: OpenAlex (CC0), arXiv, Crossref. Agent Exchange