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Existence of Minimizers for the Gaussian Mumford-Shah Model via Covariance Floors on the Value Distribution

Faian Conrad · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.29949 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

French

Le modèle de Mumford-Shah de Gauss segmente une image en régions en minimisant un terme de log-probabilité négatif continu multivarié de Gauss plus une pénalité de périmètre. Il est utilisé pour les images à valeur scalaire et vectorielle, en particulier les images hyperspectrales, mais l'existence d'un minimiseur en général n'est pas garantie. L'énergie est illimitée en dessous de chaque fois que la covariance d'une seule région dégénère, indépendamment du périmètre des régions. Notre approche montre donc qu'une surface de covariance quantitative découle d'une propriété régulière de l'histogramme de l'image, et nous affirmons en outre que la continuité de Hölder équivalente avec

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

The Gaussian Mumford-Shah model segments an image into regions by minimizing a continuous multivariate Gaussian negative log-likelihood term plus a perimeter penalty. It is used for scalar- and vector-valued images, in particular hyperspectral images, but the existence of a minimizer in general is not guaranteed. The energy is unbounded below whenever the covariance of a single region degenerates, regardless of the perimeter of the regions. A quantitative covariance floor on the covariances of all regions, or equivalently uniform Hölder continuity with exponent at most one of all one-dimensional marginals of the histogram, guarantees a lower bound on the energy and the existence of a minimizer. Our approach therefore shows that existence follows from a property of the histogram of the image, and we furthermore argue that scale-independent covariance floors cannot exist. Admitting a quantitative covariance floor is generic: it holds almost surely for all images with suitable noise. As applications of our theory, we show the convergence of regularized models used in practice and of numerical methods.

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Topics: Covariance, Mathematics, Gaussian, Multivariate normal distribution, Applied mathematics, Covariance function

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