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A unified approach for estimation of unnormalized models via Stein operators

Mitsuki Nagai, Keisuke Yano · 2026 · arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.29510 · cited by 0 works (OpenAlex) · open-access PDF

Portuguese

Neste artigo, desenvolvemos um quadro unificado que conecta regras de pontuação apropriadas e o método de Stein para a estimativa de modelos não normalizados. Construímos uma classe de regras de pontuação apropriadas que inclui correspondência de pontuação, correspondência de proporção, pseudolikelihood e estimativa de contraste de ruído. Mostramos que essas regras de pontuação apropriadas induzem naturalmente os operadores de Stein. Esta conexão produz um novo princípio de construção para os operadores de Stein e nos permite estudar estimadores baseados nessas regras de pontuação através da geometria associada aos operadores de Stein induzidos. Usando esta perspectiva geométrica, fornecemos uma caracterização unificada da eficiência asintótica dos estimadores resultantes.

Machine translation (Meta M2M100); the English original follows.

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a unified framework connecting proper scoring rules and Stein's method for the estimation of unnormalized models. We construct a class of proper scoring rules that encompasses score matching, ratio matching, pseudolikelihood, and noise contrastive estimation. We show that these proper scoring rules naturally induce Stein operators. This connection yields a new construction principle for Stein operators, and enables us to study estimators based on these scoring rules through the geometry associated with the induced Stein operators. Using this geometric perspective, we provide a unified characterization of the asymptotic efficiency of the resulting estimators.

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Topics: Estimator, Mathematics, Connection (principal bundle), Class (philosophy), Construct (python library), Noise (video)

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